Merriem-Webster dictionary provides the definition of truth as the notion that extends from good faith, honesty and sincerity in general, to the concordance of reality and fact.
Philosophers distinguish several types of truth. The first two are metaphysical subjectivism and objectivism. Subjectivism stands for the fact that truth, or anything people want to provide the definition for, depends of their personal frame of reference, experiences and beliefs. Objectivism in contrast emphasizes that truth is independent from our personal perceptions. Then goes relativism, which explains truth as the moral statement, which can be equally true and false depending of the situation. Universalism refers to statements, predominantly mathematical issues, which are true and universal everywhere.
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There are also religious and mythological dimensions of what truth is. I would like to discuss mythological in details, as I suppose it is rather valuable in making up what the truth is born out. Myth is a story of a definite culture, which believes that it is true and very important. It frequently involves some supernatural powers that are believed in and they are aiming to provide answers for what is bothering or intriguing people. They are predominantly made of ‘true’ facts, which were interpreted by people. So they are not the primary source of knowledge and cannot be viewed as ‘truth’.
In order to explain the claim about the fact that truth is born out of the ethical phenomenon in the context of Nietzsche’s philosophy it is necessary to explore it in more details.
Everything in the world is relative. Truth is not an exception. It is not a universal notion that can be treated equally in all situations. For different people truth is different, as well as different people interpret it differently.
Nietzsche was viewing truth from the standpoint that it is not a universal solution, but the key problem. He was seeking to understand why this notion is very much discussed by the philosophers. He trued to find an answer to the question what in our internal world makes up want to find the origins of truth and to understand what truth really is. To his point of view the idea to find the thing from which the truth is born is not a core of philosophy. Seeking for truth appeared to be the desire to get knowledge and philosophy is not just aiming in pursuing the truth.
Nietzsche argues with Plato’s, and accordingly with Kant’s, as his heir, metaphysics and claims that almost all philosophers were not investigating in the theme of truth, they were just loving their own so-called “truths”, and not truth in the true meaning in this word. Therefore they cannot be called philosophers, as Nietzsche envisioned their will of truth as the will of power. In his book “Beyond Good and Evil” he wrote: “The falseness of a judgment is to us not necessarily an objection of judgment…The question is to what extent it is life-advancing, life-preserving, species- preserving, perhaps even species breeding…”
Emmanuel Kant considered that truth consists just of the agreement of the object with the knowledge. He considered it to be a “mere verbal definition” in the extent that is appeared to be the closed circle. It was only personal judgment, as we are able to compare our personal knowledge how we understand it and then collate it to the object, but still it still will be only personal judgment about whether the knowledge corresponds to the object.
Mahatma Gandhi dedicated the whole life in investigating where the truth is born out. He was not only studying philosophical works, but involved his personal experience as well. He had written autobiographical book named “The Story of My Experiments with Truth”, where he said that for each person truth is subjective issue and it is the most important task to strive to harmony and fight own fears about the life. Truth in Gandhi’s philosophy is God. In other words, according to Gandhi, truth is born out of the personal concordance with himself and out of the aspiration to perfection of inner world.
Returning to the Nietzsche’s philosophical ideas, I must say that he disagreed with the statement that everything and the truth itself is subjective issue, and considered it just another interpretation. He was sure that even if the objective truth exists, it should not be the foundation for the human beings activity; it should not serve as the basis for their actions. Each separate individual should evaluate and think critically about his own actions and do not take for granted commonly excepted things.
According to Nietzsche, in philosophical studies truth is very much connected with certainty and the variety of possibilities is usually rejected. He called that a scientific approach and named that as the limit for the human beings’ development: “A ‘scientific’ interpretation of the world, as you understand it, might therefore still be one of the most stupid of all possible interpretations of the world, meaning that it would be one of the poorest in meaning… But an essentially mechanical world would be an essentially meaningless world. Assuming that one estimated the value of a piece of music according to how much of it could be counted, calculated, and expressed in formulas: how absurd would such a “scientific” estimation of music be! What would one have comprehended, understood, grasped of it? Nothing, really nothing of what is ‘music’ in it!”
My personal belief of what is truth is connected with the perception of myself. It refers to the degree that I know myself, my real beliefs, needs and wants. I think that each person has its own way to truth and is very much subjective way. I agree with the statement that truth is born from the ethical phenomenon in the degree that we use our own frame of reference in order to evaluate it. But we should try to stay away from out personal beliefs and try to look globally on each subject. Nothing is true or false. Everything is neutral. And it is a real mastery to stay away from trying to evaluate things. We should take things and actions as they are without trying to penetrate in their estimation.
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