Research Objective
The architecture of ancient Greek is distinguished by the articulation of formalized features. Perhaps, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus (353 to 350 BC) commonly called the Tomb of Mausolus represents the most famous classical antiquity of this period. The monumental tomb, built in ancient Greek, commemorates the death of Mausolus who ruled Halicarnassus. Two renowned Greek architects, Satyros and Pytheos, designed the tomb.
However, since the mausoleum was among the first to be constructed in ancient Greek, one may wonder what inspired its design, why it is represented as it is, and its significance. Since the discovery of the Mausoleum by Renaissance architects in the writings of Vitruvius and other ancient authors, it has been subject to scholarly attention and critique. Yet, there is paucity of information on the origins and inspirations of the architectural and sculptural elements of the Mausoleum. Preliminary evidence suggests that the architects integrated highly informed architectural forms and styles to produce one of the most fascinating burial monuments; but it is not clear how the style and form of the monument relates to the architecture of ancient Greek. The overarching research objective is to analyze the architectural and sculptural design elements used in the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus. Ancient Greek architecture features three architectural systems or orders, with distinctive proportions: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. The analysis will examine whether the architects incorporated these features in the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and if so, determine why and how. Overall, the analysis will explore the what, how, and why of the monument.
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Research Question
The primary research question is “How and why did the architectural style, form, and technology used in the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus represent ancient Greek architecture”
Hypothesis: the architectural design intentions and sculptural elements in the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus were inspired by the Greek Corinthian order to which it connected within the period preceding its construction.
Annotated Bibliography
Dinsmoor, B. William. “The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: II. The architectural design”. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 12, no. 2, 1908, 141-171.
This paper examines the architectural design of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, including the cultural architectural elements, style, and cultural origins. This resource will help in analyzing the design inspiration that influenced the construction of the Mausoleum; it will help in comparing the design elements used in the structure with the typical architectural elements incorporated in ancient Greek.
Cartwright, Mark. “Mausoleum at Halicarnassus”. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 26 July 2018. Web. 22 Nov 2018.
This article examines the architecture of the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus. According to the author, archaeological evidence reveals 36 Ionic columns and a 24-step pyramid, as well as many round and decorated figure sculptures. These architectural details and sculptural elements can help in analyzing the design intensions and compare with the ancient Greek architectural style.
Lethalby, W. R. The Tomb of Mausolus. London: B. T Batsford, 1908.
This article explores the architectural form of Mausoleum of Halicarnassus from the historical site to the peristyle, the pyramid, the cella, and the details of the order. According to the author, the construction deviated from the usual Greek works, which involves using mortar; instead, the architects polished the joints and placed them close together. This resource will be useful in comparing the architectural style used in the Mausoleum with ancient Greek architecture.
McGowan, Elizabeth. “Mausollos’s Mnema: An iconographical approach to the architecture of the Maussolleion at Halikarnossos. Rencotres, 2011, 157-173.
This paper examines the influence of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, particularly the impact of Mediterranean cultures, such as the Greek Temple architecture and the Egyptian pyramids. According to the author, the specific architectural and sculptural forms and elements draw on religious buildings of important cities in Mediterranean Athens. The resource will help in analyzing the cultures that influenced the architectural form and style of the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus.
Heller. L. Alexandra. “From architecture to graves: The development of emotion in ancient Greek sculpture”. 2015.
This article examines the development of emotion in Greek architecture and sculptor early classical period, with particular focus on relief sculpture. This paper will help in analyzing the form of the sculptural elements in the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus and in analyzing the design intentions.
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Works Cited
Cartwright, Mark. “Mausoleum at Halicarnassus”. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 26 July 2018. Web. 22 Nov 2018.
Dinsmoor, B. William. “The Mausoleum at Halicarnassus: II. The architectural design”. American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 12, no. 2, 1908, 141-171.
Heller. L. Alexandra. “From architecture to graves: The development of emotion in ancient Greek sculpture”. 2015.
Lethalby, W. R. The Tomb of Mausolus. London: B. T Batsford, 1908.
McGowan, Elizabeth. “Mausollos’s Mnema: An iconographical approach to the architecture of the Maussolleion at Halikarnossos. Rencotres, 2011, 157-173.