Section One: Products of Ozonolysis of Alpha-Pinene in Gas Phase by Chamber
The experiments of Zhang et al. were conducted in a controlled chamber to discern the nature of the organic compounds that would be formed through the ozonolysis of alpha-pinene. The primary goal of the research was to decipher the dynamics of the secondary organic aerosol, which is one of the significant components derived from alpha-pinene. The research was performed in a gas-controlled chamber with alpha-pinene being introduced into the tightened chambers. Subsequently, ozone was reacted to finish the investigation. The completion of this phase involved strict adherence to several factors, including the introduction of ideal amounts of ozone. By following such a methodical approach, the investigators developed improved presumptions on the dynamics that characterize secondary organic aerosols and the products of alpha-pinene after being exposed to ozone. The experiment was based on ideal parameters to facilitate the realization of the set objective.
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Multiple products were obtained from the experiment. The wide range of these byproducts reflects the tenets established in the research regarding the possible reactive elements that would be gained from this research. Monomers with relatively high carboxylic acid moieties constituted one of the notable products that resulted from this research (Zhang et al. 14170). Furthermore, high molecular weight compounds were derived from the experiment, which indicates alpha-pinene’s reactive nature after being exposed to ozone. Additionally, the experimenters uncovered that traces of compounds containing oligomers were formed. This discovery implies that the scope of the products derived by the utilization of chambers is relatively wide and includes both compounds and monomers.
Section Two: Products of Ozonolysis of Alpha-Pinene in Gas Phase by Flow Tube
Duporté et al. conducted their experiment in a flow-tube reactor to determine alpha-pinene’s reactivity after being introduced into ozone. The ozonolysis of alpha-pinene in a gaseous form is attributed to the formation of various compounds as well as particles. The scope of the byproducts has been established to be relatively wide. Amines constitute one of the key byproducts and are regarded as one of the critical components in fathoming the dynamics of alpha-pinene. The researchers completed this experiment by introducing dimethylamine (DMA) into the alpha-pinene in a flow-tube reactor to infer the possible results from this work. The study took into consideration various factors, including the introduction of appropriate DMA levels, to ensure that the experiment was within the ideal parameters. For this reason, the research was done under ideal conditions, thereby facilitating the development of multiple products.
Specifically, the experiment led to the formation of various products, which reflect the salient characteristics of alpha-pinene and DMA. The obtained products were both in particle and gaseous forms. Pinonic acid is one of the notable byproducts of the experiment, and it portrays the reactivity of alpha-pinene when exposed to ozone. Furthermore, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the significant gases that were developed through the oxidation of alpha-pinene (Duporté et al. 5604). The formation of these gases is chiefly due to the existence of oxygen in the ozone molecule and the reactive nature of alpha-pinene in the presence of DMA. The results of this experimental study illustrate the wide-ranging products that could possibly be gained from the ozonolysis of alpha-pinene in a flow-tube reactor with the introduction of DMA.
Section Three: Products of Ozonolysis of Alpha-Pinene in Gas/Aerosol Phase by Chamber
In their research, Jackson et al. intended to establish the reactivity of alpha-pinene in the gas phase by using a chamber. The primary objective of their work was to determine the scope of the products that could be derived by introducing ozone into alpha-pinene. The study specifically focused on the carbonyl elements. All the requirements of the experiment were carefully fulfilled to ensure that each component was set in the ideal status. The study was carried out in a controlled chamber to ensure that each factor was idealized. After the completion of the ozone’s reaction with alpha-pinene, several measures were taken to establish the scope of the products that were formed. An impinger was utilized to collect the gaseous products developed during the experiment. Such keen approaches were instrumental in the clear identification of all the products resulting from the reaction. Moreover, the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was a critical strategy in the identification of the carbon-containing products. Thus, a number of vital factors related to alpha-pinene were taken into account and carefully controlled during the experiment to make sure that improved results would be obtained.
The successful completion of the experiment led to the formation of multiple products with a substantial carbon content. Pinonaldehyde was observed to constitute over 76% of the products formed during the experimental study (Jackson et al. 331). Besides, glyoxal, a compound with considerable amounts of both oxygen and carbon, was obtained. Other key products that resulted from the experiment include methylglyoxal, norpinonaldehyde, and oxopinonaldehyde. It is worth noting that all these compounds have traces of carbon in them. Hence, the assumption made in the experiment that alpha-pinene contains carbonyl products was adequately validated.
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Works Cited
Duporté, Geoffroy, et al. “Chemical Characterization of Gas- and Particle-Phase Products from the Ozonolysis of Α-Pinene in the Presence of Dimethylamine.” Environmental Science & Technology, vol.51, no. 10, 2017, pp. 5602-5610. doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b06231. Accessed 24 June 2019.
Jackson, Stephen R., et al. “Identification and Quantification of Carbonyl-containing Α-Pinene Ozonolysis Products using O-Tert-Butylhydroxylamine Hydrochloride.” Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.74, no. 3, 2016, pp. 325-338. doi:10.1007/s10874-016-9344-6. Accessed 24 June 2019.
Zhang, Xuan, et al. “Formation and Evolution of Molecular Products in Α-Pinene Secondary Organic Aerosol.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 112, no. 46, 2015, pp. 14168-14173. doi:10.1073/pnas.1517742112. Accessed 24 June 2019.