Research Paper on Aspartame:
Aspartame is a sweetener, a sugar substitute (food additive E951). L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl decomposes in humans in methanol and two proteinogenic amino acid: aspartic acid and phenylalanine.
Aspartame is about 160-200 times sweeter than sugar, has no odor, and is soluble in water. This sweetener, as carbohydrates and proteins, has caloricity of 4 kcal / g. However, for creating a sweet taste, only a small amount of aspartame is needed, therefore its contribution to the caloric intake is not taken into account. Compared with sugar, sweet flavor of aspartame appears slower and stays longer. Aspartame is destroyed when heated, so it is not suitable to sweeten products subjected to heat treatment.
Aspartame is available under various trademarks, alone and in sweetener blends. Aspartame is the second most popular sweetener and is part of the huge amounts of food products and beverages, including soft drinks, hot chocolate, chewing gum, sweets, yogurt, sugar substitutes, vitamins, cough tablets, and more.
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Also available as tablets (1 tablet of sweetness to 3.2 g of sugar), it is used in diabetes, obesity, and other disorders that require limitation or exclusion of sugar consumption.
Aspartame was discovered in 1965 by James M. Schlatter, a chemist who worked for the Searle company (GD Searle & Company). Schlatter synthesized aspartame in the course of research for the production of drugs for ulcer treatment. He discovered the sweet taste of aspartame accidentally when he licked his finger, with aspartame on it. The U.S. and UK were the first to use aspartame since 1981. Sold under various brand names (e.g., Equal, Spoonful), aspartame was declared an alternative to sugar that allowed losing weight and was officially not a carcinogen (which had been suspected previously in an artificial sweetener saccharin).
Aspartame decomposes in the body in two amino acids (aspartic acid and phenylalanine) and methanol. Amino acids are an integral part of the protein and are involved in a number of important biochemical processes of the body, the recommended daily intake of phenylalanine is 25 mg / kg per day. Methanol is a poison acting on the nervous and circulatory systems of the body. Toxic effect of methanol is due to so-called “lethal synthesis,” the metabolic oxidation in the body to a highly toxic formaldehyde. Ingestion of 5-10 ml methanol leads to severe poisoning (one of the possible consequences is blindness), and 30 ml or more leads to death.
A large number of toxicological and clinical studies confirmed the aspartame safety, if the daily dose not exceeding 50 mg per kilogram body weight. In Europe, the established maximum is 40 mg per kilogram of body weight per day. Almost 40 mg / kg body weight for a person weighing 70 kg mean about 266 tablets of synthetic sweetening agents or 26.6 liters of Diet Coke in one day.
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